At this time only males could inherit the throne. Fernando VII and his wife, María Cristina had a daughter, Isabel, but they didn´t have any sons. So, Fernando’s brother, Carlos would be the next king. Fernando VII changed the law so that Isabel could be queen. Fernando died in 1833. Isabel was three years old. Her mother, María Cristina, ruled until Isabel was 18. This caused a series of conflicts named the Carlist Wars:
• The liberals supported Maria Cristina and Isabel II. The liberals supported the ideas of the French Revolution and the Constitution of Cádiz (economic reforms and less power to the monarchy and the Catholic Church).
• The Carlists (conservatives) supported Carlos (Fernando’s VII brother). They wanted a powerful Catholic Church and an absolute monarchy.
The First Carlist War began in 1833 and ended in 1839. The liberals won. The Second Carlist War began in 1846 and ended in 1849. The Third Carlist War began in 1872 and ended in 1876. The liberals won the three of them.
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| María Cristina, by Vicente López y Portaña [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons. |
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| Isabel II niña. By Carlos Luis de Ribera y Fieve [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons |
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| Isabell II queen of Spain. See page for author [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons. |
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| Carlos María Isidro De Borbón, Fernando VII's brother. Vicente López y Portaña [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons. |
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